Urinary exosomes: Potential diagnostic markers and application in bladder cancer
Ji Liu,
Zhang Zhijin,
Wentao Zhang,
Maskey Niraj,
Fuhan Yang,
Guo Changcheng,
Liliang Shen,
Tianyuan Xu,
Shenghua Liu,
Zhang Junfeng,
Shiyu Mao,
Wei Li,
Xudong Yao
Affiliations
Ji Liu
Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China; Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China
Zhang Zhijin
Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China; Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China
Wentao Zhang
Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China; Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China
Maskey Niraj
Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China; Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China
Fuhan Yang
Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China; Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China
Guo Changcheng
Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China; Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China
Liliang Shen
Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yinzhou Renmin Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
Tianyuan Xu
Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China; Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China
Shenghua Liu
Shanghai Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
Zhang Junfeng
Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China; Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China
Shiyu Mao
Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China; Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China; Corresponding author. Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
Wei Li
Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China; Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China; Corresponding author. Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
Xudong Yao
Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China; Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China; Corresponding author. Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
Background: The exosome is a critical component of the intercellular communication., playing a vital role in regulating cell function. These small vesicles contain proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs, surrounded by lipid bilayer substances. Most cells in the human body can produce exosomes, released into various body fluids such as urine, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. Bladder cancer is the most common tumor in the urinary system, with high recurrence and metastasis rates. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Methods: This study employed the PubMed search engine to retrieve publicly accessible data pertaining to urinary exosomes. Results: We summarize the origins and intricate biological characteristics of urinary exosomes, the introduction of research methodologies used in basic experiments to isolate and analyze these exosomes, the discussion of their applications and progress in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer, and the exploration of the current limitations associated with using urinary exosomes as molecular biomarkers for diagnosing bladder cancer. Conclusion: Exosomes isolated from urine may be used as molecular biomarkers for early detection of bladder cancer.
