Journal of Asthma and Allergy (Dec 2022)

The Prevalence, Clinical Picture, and Triggers of Allergic Rhinitis in Saudi Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Aburiziza A,
  • Almatrafi MA,
  • Alonazi AS,
  • Zatari MH,
  • Alqouzi SA,
  • Mandili RA,
  • Hawsawi WT,
  • Aljohani RH

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 15
pp. 1831 – 1849

Abstract

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Abdullah Aburiziza,1 Mohammed A Almatrafi,1 Aishah Saud Alonazi,2 Mawaddah Hani Zatari,3 Samah Ali Alqouzi,3 Rasha Abdulaziz Mandili,3 Wedad Taher Hawsawi,3 Rehab Hejji Aljohani4 1Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 4College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Abdullah Aburiziza, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Email [email protected]: To summarize the current evidence regarding the prevalence of Allergic rhinitis (AR) and its symptoms, triggers, and impact on the quality of life of the Saudi population.Methods: A Computerized Search in MEDLINE via PubMed, MEDLINE Core database, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted using relevant keywords. A two-stage screening process, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by four independent reviewers. Comprehensive Meta-analysis was used for all statistical analyses (CMA; USA: version 3.3.070).Results: Sixteen articles (n= 31,990 patients) were included. The overall estimated prevalence of AR was 21.2%, 95% CI (12.8– 33.1%). Males had a higher prevalence of AR than females (31.7% vs 27.1%), although the difference was not significant (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 0.78– 1.953; p=0.356). Children and adolescents exhibited a lower prevalence of AR than adults (13.7% vs 31.1%). Urban AR prevalence was much greater than rural (38.4% vs 13.0%). Asthma, atopic dermatitis, and eczema are all associated with AR. The most common signs and symptoms of AR were headache 33.9%, watery discharge 28.6%, sneezing 24.6%, itchy nose, runny nose 22.2%, nasal obstruction or congestion 22.0%, loss of smell 21.9%, and wheezing 17.2%. The most prevalent triggers of AR were perfume 36.8%, dust 27.3%, air conditioning 23.4%, weather or temperature changes 17.8%, air pollution 14.5%, drugs or chemicals 13.8%, tobacco 10.8%, atopy 10.3%, and insects 10.2%.Conclusion: The overall prevalence of AR in Saudi Arabia is 21.2%. The prevalence of AR was comparable in both males and females. However, it was higher in adults than in children and adolescents, and in urban areas than rural areas. Asthma, atopic dermatitis, and eczema co-occurrence with AR are common. AR has a negative impact on the quality of life of the patients in the form of interference with daily activities, sleep problems, difficulty of breath, and school absenteeism.Keywords: allergic rhinitis, Saudi Arabia, prevalence, meta-analysis

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