Electricity generation from Nopal biogas effluent using a surface modified clay cup (cantarito) microbial fuel cell
Sathish-Kumar Kamaraj,
Alejandro Esqueda Rivera,
Selvasankar Murugesan,
Jaime García-Mena,
Otoniel Maya,
Claudio Frausto-Reyes,
José Tapia-Ramírez,
Hector Silos Espino,
Felipe Caballero-Briones
Affiliations
Sathish-Kumar Kamaraj
Laboratorio de medio ambiente sostenible y Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano (ITEL)/ Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM), Aguascalientes. Km 18 carr, Aguascalientes-San Luis Potosí, El Llano Ags., C.P. 20330, Mexico; Corresponding author.
Alejandro Esqueda Rivera
Universidad Politécnica de Aguascalientes, Ingeniería en Energía, Calle Paseo San Gerardo No. 207, Fracc. San Gerardo, Aguascalientes, Ags., 20342, Mexico
Selvasankar Murugesan
Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav-IPN, México DF, D.F. 07360, Mexico
Jaime García-Mena
Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav-IPN, México DF, D.F. 07360, Mexico
Otoniel Maya
Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav-IPN, México DF, D.F. 07360, Mexico
Claudio Frausto-Reyes
Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C., Unidad Aguascalientes, Prol. Constitución 607, Fracc. Reserva Loma Bonita Aguascalientes, 20200, Mexico
José Tapia-Ramírez
Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav-IPN, México DF, D.F. 07360, Mexico
Hector Silos Espino
Laboratorio de medio ambiente sostenible y Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano (ITEL)/ Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM), Aguascalientes. Km 18 carr, Aguascalientes-San Luis Potosí, El Llano Ags., C.P. 20330, Mexico
Felipe Caballero-Briones
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Materials and Technologies for Energy, Health and Environment (GESMAT), CICATA Altamira, Km 14.5 Carretera Tampico-Puerto Industrial Altamira, 89600, Altamira, Mexico
A modified clay cup (cantarito) microbial fuel cell (C-MFCs) was designed to digest the biomass effluent from a nopal biogas (NBE). To improve the process, commercial acrylic varnish (AV) was applied to the C-MFCs. The experiment was performed as:Both-C-MFCs, painting of AV on both sides of the clay cup; In-C-MFCs, painting of AV on the internal side, and Out-C-MFCs painting of AV on the external side. The order for the maximum volumetric power densities were Both-C-MFCs (1841.99 mW/m3)>Out-C-MFCs (1023.74 mW/m3) >In-C-MFCs (448.90 mW/m3). The control experiment without applied varnish did not show a stable potential, supporting the idea that the acryloyl group in varnish could favor the performance. Finally, a 4-digits clock was powered with two, Both-C-MFCs connected in series; the microbial diversity in this format was explored and a well-defined bacterial community including members of the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Synergistetes and candidate division TM7 was found.
