Cladribine Analogues via O6-(Benzotriazolyl) Derivatives of Guanine Nucleosides
Sakilam Satishkumar,
Prasanna K. Vuram,
Siva Subrahmanyam Relangi,
Venkateshwarlu Gurram,
Hong Zhou,
Robert J. Kreitman,
Michelle M. Martínez Montemayor,
Lijia Yang,
Muralidharan Kaliyaperumal,
Somesh Sharma,
Narender Pottabathini,
Mahesh K. Lakshman
Affiliations
Sakilam Satishkumar
Department of Chemistry, The City College and The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
Prasanna K. Vuram
Department of Chemistry, The City College and The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
Siva Subrahmanyam Relangi
Discovery and Analytical Services, GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., 28A IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, India
Venkateshwarlu Gurram
Discovery and Analytical Services, GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., 28A IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, India
Hong Zhou
Clinical Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Robert J. Kreitman
Clinical Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Michelle M. Martínez Montemayor
Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe-School of Medicine, P. O. Box 60327, Bayamón, PR 00960, USA
Lijia Yang
Department of Chemistry, The City College and The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
Muralidharan Kaliyaperumal
Discovery and Analytical Services, GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., 28A IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, India
Somesh Sharma
Discovery and Analytical Services, GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., 28A IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, India
Narender Pottabathini
Discovery and Analytical Services, GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., 28A IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, India
Mahesh K. Lakshman
Department of Chemistry, The City College and The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
Cladribine, 2-chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine, is a highly efficacious, clinically used nucleoside for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia. It is also being evaluated against other lymphoid malignancies and has been a molecule of interest for well over half a century. In continuation of our interest in the amide bond-activation in purine nucleosides via the use of (benzotriazol-1yl-oxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, we have evaluated the use of O6-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-2′-deoxyguanosine as a potential precursor to cladribine and its analogues. These compounds, after appropriate deprotection, were assessed for their biological activities, and the data are presented herein. Against hairy cell leukemia (HCL), T-cell lymphoma (TCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), cladribine was the most active against all. The bromo analogue of cladribine showed comparable activity to the ribose analogue of cladribine against HCL, but was more active against TCL and CLL. The bromo ribose analogue of cladribine showed activity, but was the least active among the C6-NH2-containing compounds. Substitution with alkyl groups at the exocyclic amino group appears detrimental to activity, and only the C6 piperidinyl cladribine analogue demonstrated any activity. Against adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells, cladribine and its ribose analogue were most active.
