Normative values for the hypoparathyroidism patient questionnaire (HPQ28) in the German general population

Abstract

Abstract Background Patients with hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) suffer from several complaints and reduced quality of life (QoL), even if disease-specific biochemical parameters are within the target range. To be able to quantify symptoms in HypoPT patients, we recently developed a disease-specific questionnaire, the Hypoparathyroidism Patient Questionnaire with 28 items (HPQ28). The aim of this study was to find normative values for the HPQ28 in the German general population. Methods We tasked an independent market and social research institute to obtain sociodemographic data and HPQ28 results from a representative sample of the German general population. The HPQ28 comprises five scales and three single items. The five scales indicate different areas of complaints: Pain and cramps (PaC) including five items, neurovegetative symptoms (NVS) including five items, loss of vitality (LoV) including six items, depression and anxiety (DaA) including five items, gastro-intestinal symptoms (GiS) including two items and two control items for depression. Three items were not attributable to any of the five scales: numbness and tingling in certain parts of the body (NT), troubled memory (TM), and racing heart (RH). Results Mean age (± standard deviation) in the representative general population sample (n = 2506) was 49.5 ± 17.8 years, 51% were female. All scales and single items were affected by gender with women presenting significantly more complaints on every scale and single item in comparison to men (p < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). In addition, all scales and single items, except for GiS, were affected by age in males and females (p < 0.001, Spearman’s correlation). Regression analyses proved a linear trend in the different scores regarding age and gender (p < 0.05 except for age on the GiS scale). Conclusions We present data from the first application of the HPQ28 in a representative sample of the German general population. Almost all scales and single item of the HPQ28 were dependent on age and gender, with older individuals and females presenting a higher burden of complaints. Trial registration DRKS, DRKS00027581. Registered 17th of January 2022, https//drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00027581.

Keywords

• Hypoparathyroidism
• Quality of life
• Questionnaire
• Symptom load
• General population