母乳脂中微量成分的研究进展Research progress on trace components in breast milk fat

Abstract

母乳脂是母乳的重要组成部分，除提供婴儿生长发育所需一半以上的能量来源外，还含有多种生物活性成分。目前的研究主要聚焦于母乳脂中脂肪酸、甘油三酯等主要成分，对母乳脂的微量成分研究较少。为深化对母乳脂中微量成分及其功能的认识，为纯母乳喂养婴儿提供更为全面的营养建议，并为婴儿配方奶粉的升级制造提供更多参考，综述了母乳脂中磷脂、脂溶性维生素、胆固醇等微量成分的种类、含量和营养学功能。母乳脂对婴儿的发育有着重要的生物学功能，包括帮助婴儿建立免疫功能，维持大脑和骨骼发育等。 Breast milk fat is a crucial component of breast milk, providing more than half of the energy required for infant growth and development, while also containing various bioactive compounds. Current research primarily focuses on the major components of breast milk fat, such as fatty acids and triglycerides, with limited studies on its trace components. In order to deepen the understanding of trace components in breast milk fat and their functions, provide more comprehensive nutritional recommendations for exclusively breastfed infants, and more references to the upgrading of the manufacture of infant formulas, the types, contents and nutritional functions of phospholipids, fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol and other trace components in breast milk fat were reviewed. The breast milk fat has important biological functions for infant development, including helping infants to build up immune functions and maintaining brain and bone development, etc..

Keywords

• 母乳脂；微量成分；磷脂；脂溶性维生素；胆固醇；营养学功能
• breast milk fat; trace components; phospholipids; fat-soluble vitamin; cholesterol; nutritional function