Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a review of current diagnostic strategies concepts

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a state of carbohydrate intolerance that is first recognized during pregnancy. The initial criteria for diagnosis were established more than 50 years ago by O’Sullivan & Mahan, and since then, some modifications have been made. Currently, diagnosis considers two methods: the onestep approach, consisting of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for 2 hours with 75g of glucose, and the two-step approach, which involves an initial screening test with 50g of glucose and OGTT with 100g of glucose if screening is positive. Both diagnostic approaches have been justified by expert consensus; however, an absolute concept about the method to be applied has not been established yet. To select a method, the clinician must take into account various factors. This paper proposes a historical overview and the presentation of the current status of GDM diagnosis.

Keywords

• Diabetes gestacional
• Pruebas diagnósticas de rutina
• Embarazo en diabéticas
• Diagnóstico