Convolutional Neural Networks Hyperparameter Tunning for Classifying Firearms on Images

Abstract

In recent years, the rates of firearm-related violent acts worldwide have risen significantly. It is a severe social problem that compromises the safety of every individual to some extent. This situation has motivated researchers to find new ways to improve the current state-of-the-art solutions, such as automatic surveillance systems, to detect and classify the presence of firearms within a specific scene. These systems reduce the drawbacks of using direct human supervision. Among the available solutions for the classification task, the performance of Deep Learning models stands out, especially those based on Convolutional Neural Networks. Since they start learning directly from raw data (e.g., images), their learning process can be improved even further by using Transfer Learning techniques. However, the classification accuracy depends significantly on choosing the optimum set of values for the different hyperparameters composing them. Thus, this paper analyses the improvement in the performance of an image-based handgun classification algorithm when tuning its hypermeters values instead of using its default values. In this work, we evaluated the performance variation using two benchmarks Convolutional Neural Networks architectures: AlexNet and Inception V3. We obtained a maximum accuracy of 94.11% when using the Inception V3 network and transfer learning. We employed Nadam as the optimizer and a learning rate equal to 0.0001, a batch size equal 256, and a total of 13 epochs. Experimental results suggest an essential relationship between the performance of the classification model and the data set, the specific combinations of values for the selected optimizer, the batch size, and the learning rate. The obtained improvement in the accuracy was up to 10.33% after the tuning process.