山桐子鲜果干燥方式对山桐子油品质的影响Effect of drying method of Idesia polycarpa fresh fruit on the quality of Idesia polycarpa oil

Abstract

旨在为山桐子干燥方式的选择提供参考，分别采用热风干燥（HD）、微波真空干燥（VMD）、真空冷冻干燥（VFD）对山桐子鲜果进行干燥处理并采用溶剂浸提法提取山桐子油，测定山桐子油得率、酸值、过氧化值、脂肪酸组成、角鲨烯含量及挥发性物质组成，探究3种干燥方式对山桐子油品质的影响。结果表明，3种干燥方式制取的山桐子油得率大小顺序为VFD＞HD＞VMD，山桐子油酸值、过氧化值大小顺序均为VMD＞HD＞VFD（均未超出国标要求），山桐子油脂肪酸组成无差异，角鲨烯含量大小顺序为VFD＞VMD＞HD，主要挥发性物质均为烷类。综合比较，VFD方式制取的山桐子油品质最佳，适合少量实验；VMD方式干燥效率高，适用于快速干燥；HD方式制取的山桐子油品质介于二者之间，但此法操作简单，适合大批量处理物料时使用。Aiming to provide a reference for the selection of suitable drying methods for Idesia polycarpa, hot air drying(HD), vacuum microwave drying(VMD), vacuum freeze drying(VFD) were used respectively to dry the Idesia polycarpa fresh fruit and the oil was prepared by solvent extraction. The yield, acid value, peroxide value, fatty acid composition, squalene content and volatile substances composition of Idesia polycarpa oil (IPO) were determined to investigate the effects of three drying methods on the quality of IPO. The results showed that the order of the oil yield of the three drying methods was VFD＞HD＞VMD, the order of the acid value and peroxide value of IPO was VMD＞HD＞VFD (none of them exceeded the requirements of the national standard), there was no differences in fatty acid composition of IPO of the three drying methods, the order of the squalene content was VFD＞VMD＞HD, and the major volatile substances were alkanes of the three drying methods. By comprehensive comparison, IPO extracted after drying by VFD has the best quality and VFD is suitable for a few experiments. The drying efficiency of VMD is high, which is suitable for rapid drying.The quality of IPO extracted after drying by HD is between VMD and VFD, but HD is simple and suitable for processing materials in large quantities.

Keywords

• 干燥方式；山桐子；山桐子油；油脂品质；挥发性物质
• drying method; idesia polycarpa; idesia polycarpa oil; oil quality; volatile substance