The evaluation of heavy metals concentration related to PM10 in ambient air of Ahvaz city, Iran

Abstract

Airborne particulate matter along with volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, and other compounds have raised many concerns to many countries including Iran. In this study, the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Al) associated with PM10 have been investigated during normal and dusty days from September to February 2012. The mean PM10 concentrations on the normal days in the winter and autumn were 189.4109 and 116.5087 µgm-3, respectively. PM10 concentrations during dusty days for the winter and autumn were 741.6467 and 410 µgm-3, respectively. The heavy metals concentrations are vary in different days of a month. Enrichment factors (EF) are used to determine and assess the source type of released heavy metals in particulate matter. The results of EFS analysis showed that Al metal had low enrichment suggesting crustal origin, whereas Zn (zinc) and Pb (lead) metals were appeared to result from non-crustal sources such as vehicular and industrial emissions because of their high enrichment factors. Results of the present study revealed that the concentrations of PM10 were higher than the reliable standards for the two studied seasons.

Keywords

• air pollution
• heavy metals
• pm10
• enrichment factor
• ahvaz