Investigation of Immunomodulatory and Gut Microbiota-Altering Properties of Multicomponent Nutraceutical Prepared from Lactic Acid Bacteria, Bovine Colostrum, Apple Production By-Products and Essential Oils
Juozas Grigas,
Modestas Ruzauskas,
Arnoldas Pautienius,
Elena Bartkiene,
Vita Lele,
Vytaute Starkute,
Paulina Zavistanaviciute,
Egle Zokaityte,
Jurga Bernatoniene,
Liudas Ivanauskas,
Valdas Jakstas,
Arunas Stankevicius
Affiliations
Juozas Grigas
Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
Modestas Ruzauskas
Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
Arnoldas Pautienius
Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
Elena Bartkiene
Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
Vita Lele
Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
Vytaute Starkute
Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
Paulina Zavistanaviciute
Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
Egle Zokaityte
Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
Jurga Bernatoniene
Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Pr. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
Liudas Ivanauskas
Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Pr. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
Valdas Jakstas
Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Pr. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
Arunas Stankevicius
Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
Dietary components, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), bovine colostrum, apple production by-products, and essential oils, can favorably alter the host immune system and gut microbiota, however, their cumulative effect as multicomponent nutraceutical supplement has not been investigated. Therefore, the present study is the first one to evaluate a combination of LAB, bovine colostrum, dehydrated apple pomace, and essential oils for their immunomodulatory and prebiotic properties in the swine model. This study shows that supplementary feeding of pigs using multicomponent nutraceutical resulted in a statistically significant decrease in proportions of T cytotoxic and double-positive (CD4+CD8+low) cells within the CD3+ cell population at 28 DPI, compared to the beginning of the experiment (0DPI). Conversely, a statistically significant increase in proportions of B cells (accompanied by an increase in IgG concentration) and macrophage/monocyte cells within viable cell population at 28 DPI, compared to the beginning of the experiments, was observed. Furthermore, changes in the bacterial composition of gut microbiota in pigs fed with multicomponent nutraceutical changed significantly, with a 1.78 times higher number of probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Faecilbacterium) at the end of the experiment, compared to control group animals. This study shows a positive effect of the nutraceutical formula used on the changes of gut microbiota by facilitating an increase in probiotic bacteria strains and possible anti-inflammatory properties.
