GYROSCOPIC SYSTEMS FOR THE ORIENTATION OF THE UNDERGROUND GEODETIC NETWORK POINTS

Abstract

Underground geodetic measurements are quite different from the surface measurements. In tunnels and mines could be hot, humid, dark, cramped, dusty, dirty and dangerous (most of the above is usually present). Important problem with underground surveying is an orientation based on surface measurements, which is often done by using gyrotheodolite.

Keywords

• gyroscopic systems
• gyrotheodolite
• observation methods