Ribogospodarsʹka Nauka Ukraïni (Mar 2025)
Histological changes in the gills of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1782) in conditions of hypoxia during technological load caused by full-scale war
Abstract
Purpose. To carry out a histological assessment of pikeperch gills under conditions of man-made hypoxia. To analyse the degree of changes in the lamellae structure depending on the stress duration. To determine the prospects for using the obtained results in histological and ecological practice. Methodology. The actual materials were obtained in the winter period of 2024-2025 in the Southern Bug River, vil. Matviyivka. The processing of histological samples was performed in the laboratory of histology, cytology and embryology of the Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University in accordance with the author’s method of histological diagnosis of fish tissues. Findings. The study showed that the conditions of short-term stress caused adaptive changes in the pikeperch gill apparatus. Extra capillary reservoir spaces and globular clusters of respiratory epithelial cells allow for additional water circulation and increase the gas-absorbing surface of the gills. Erythrostasis is considered as a compensatory reaction that occurs when the haemoglobin content in erythrocytes decreases. Rodlet cells of leukocyte origin were found in the lamellae. Depending on the duration of the stress factor, Rodlet cells were in the stages III and IV of development. The stage IV is characterized by an increase in the count of cells at the secretion stage, which indicates compensation for the loss of the fish’s immune status. Originality. New data were obtained on the reaction of cells and tissues of the lamellae under conditions of technogenic hypoxia. The gradual nature of the emergence of adaptations and pathologies of lamellae have been showed for the first time. A picture of the histological structure of lamellae at different times of stress has been detailed. Information on the dynamics of Rodlet cell development has been supplemented. Practical Value. The presented new information is of practical interest in histological studies as well as in ecological practice in connection with the problem of fish diseases under human impact on water bodies. The data obtained can be used to conduct studies of long-term consequences due to the toxicity of individual chemical components of vegetable oil, which had a long-term effect on hydrobionts.
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