International Journal of Mycobacteriology (Jan 2023)

The In vitro activity of carbapenems alone and in combination with β-lactamase inhibitors against difficult-to-treat mycobacteria; Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium abscessus, and Mycobacterium avium complex: A systematic review

  • Viktoria Andersson,
  • Gabrielle Fröberg,
  • Victor Naestholt Dahl,
  • Erja Chryssanthou,
  • Christian Giske,
  • Thomas Schön,
  • Lina Davies Forsman

DOI
https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_131_23
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 12, no. 3
pp. 211 – 225

Abstract

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Difficult-to-treat mycobacterial infections are increasing globally. There is an urgent need of new treatment alternatives for multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), as well as nontuberculous mycobacteria such as the Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Recently, new carbapenems and combinations of carbapenems with β-lactamase inhibitors have become available, but activity data in vitro against mycobacteria are so far scarce. Therefore, we performed a systematic review collating the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of carbapenems, with or without a β-lactamase inhibitors for MTB, MABC, and MAC. The databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched for the relevant articles in English up until September 21, 2022. Screening of studies was performed by two independent reviewers. MIC data by recommended methods with at least five individual MICs were included. Data were reported as MIC range, MIC50, modal MIC, and/or histograms when individual MICs were available. The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021258537). After screening, a total of 75 studies with MIC data for carbapenems with or without β-lactamase inhibitors were included in the review. For MTB, the oral carbapenem tebipenem combined with the β-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid resulted in the most significant reduction of MICs. For MABC, the addition of avibactam to tebipenem resulted in a 64-fold reduction of modal MIC. Data were insufficient for the analysis of MAC. Carbapenems, and in particular the novel oral compound tebipenem, in combination with clavulanic acid for MTB and avibactam for MABC may be an untapped potential for difficult-to-treat mycobacterial infections.

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