Predictors of success following extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy in a contemporary cohort

Abstract

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to determine the predictors of success following extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in a contemporary cohort at a high-volume stone center. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review all patients who underwent an elective ESWL within our institution over a 24-month period (January 2014 to December 2015). Data on patient demographics, stone variables, and inpatient treatment outcomes were evaluated. The presence of residual stone fragments larger than 4 mm on follow-up imaging was considered to be treatment failure. Using this threshold, clinically relevant variables between the treatment success and failure groups were identified. Multivariable logistic regression analyses (MVA) of clinically relevant variables were used to determine the independent factors predicting ESWL success. Results: Of 446 study eligible patients, 421 patients had complete follow-up data and were included in the analysis. Treatment was successful in 72.2% of patients in this study. Stone size, number of shocks delivered, and maximum treatment intensity were statistically different in the two groups. In a MVA where stone size, location, density, presence of ureteric stent, skin-stone distance (SSD), number of shocks, and maximum shock intensity were included, only stone size of <10 mm (odds ratio [OR] 3.4 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98–5.84]) and SSD <15 cm (OR: 0.133, [95% CI: 0.027–0.65]) were the independent predictor of ESWL success. Conclusion: We have demonstrated “real world” outcomes with high-volume use of ESWL. In our experience that with diligent patient selection, ESWL remains an effective tool for the management of upper tract calculi.

Keywords

• extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
• lithotripsy
• upper tract stones