Estimation of Changes in Sediment Transport along the Free-Flowing Middle Danube River Reach

Abstract

The subject of this study is an approximately 300 km long Middle Danube River reach that spans from river kilometer (rkm) 1581 in Hungary to (rkm) 1255 in Serbia. The observed drying of floodplains in Hungary some thirty years ago initiated the hydrological studies. However, problems related to the navigation route maintenance of the Danube River and those in the water supply of irrigation and drainage canal networks are now present in the whole free-flowing middle Danube region. The study aims at investigating the correlation between the observed water level decrease and recorded incision of the river bed at gauging stations and the indirect estimation of the long-term sediment transport along the sand-bed reach based on the surveillance cross-sections’ data collected during regular monitoring surveys on the navigable Danube. It starts with hydrological analyses of the 70-year-long time series of water level and discharge yearly data and continues with morphological and correlation studies. It ends with the estimation of sediment transport. The decreasing trend in water levels and the increasing trend in cross-sectional areas are persistent. There is a linear correlation between the two. Longitudinal changes in sediment transport indicate the existence of both degrading and aggrading riverbed reaches.

Keywords

• low water levels
• incision of riverbeds
• sand bed
• surveillance cross-sections
• indirect estimation of sediment transport