A tactical scheduling framework for wind farm‐integrated multi‐energy systems to take part in natural gas and wholesale electricity markets as a price setter

Abstract

Abstract The wind integrated multi‐energy systems (MES) have gained significant momentum in recent years on account of their self‐sufficiency and attractive clean attributes. This study puts forward a bi‐level multi‐follower optimization framework to study the tactical response of a wind integrated MES in the wholesale electricity market (WEM) and the natural gas market (NGM) as a price setter. At the upper level, the MES endeavors to minimize the overall operational costs by giving the best offer/bid in WEM/NGM, and by utilizing thermal energy storage (TES), compressed air energy storage (CAES), and natural gas storage (NGS). When the MES submits offers/bids in WEM and NGM, the NGM and WEM operators, as individual followers, clear their respective markets to maximize public welfare and announce the ultimate market‐clearing price (MCP). Additionally, risk‐averse and risk‐seeker information gap decision theory (IGDT) have been deployed to provide various decision‐making options for MES operators considering wind underproduction and overproduction scenarios. Standard 6‐node natural gas network (NGN) and 6‐bus transmission system (TS) have been deployed to model WEM and NGM, respectively. The results testify to the capabilities of the MES in influencing the decisions of WEM and NGM.