The Astronomical Journal (Jan 2024)
Overview of the Fiber System for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
- Claire Poppett,
- Luke Tyas,
- J. Aguilar,
- Christopher Bebek,
- D. Bramall,
- T. Claybaugh,
- J. Edelstein,
- P. Fagrelius,
- H. Heetderks,
- P. Jelinsky,
- S. Jelinsky,
- Robin Lafever,
- A. Lambert,
- M. Lampton,
- Michael E. Levi,
- P. Martini,
- C. Rockosi,
- J. Schmoll,
- Ray M. Sharples,
- Martin Sirk,
- Edward Wishnow,
- Jiaxi Yu,
- S. Ahlen,
- A. Bault,
- S. BenZvi,
- D. Brooks,
- S. Cole,
- A. de la Macorra,
- Arjun Dey,
- P. Doel,
- K. Fanning,
- A. Font-Ribera,
- J. E. Forero-Romero,
- E. Gaztañaga,
- S. Gontcho A Gontcho,
- A. X. Gonzalez-Morales,
- C. Hahn,
- K. Honscheid,
- J. Jimenez,
- S. Juneau,
- D. Kirkby,
- A. Kremin,
- M. Landriau,
- L. Le Guillou,
- M. Manera,
- A. Meisner,
- R. Miquel,
- J. Moustakas,
- E. Mueller,
- A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez,
- A. D. Myers,
- J. Nie,
- G. Niz,
- N. Palanque-Delabrouille,
- W. J. Percival,
- F. Prada,
- D. Rabinowitz,
- M. Rezaie,
- G. Rossi,
- E. Sanchez,
- Edward F. Schlafly,
- D. Schlegel,
- M. Schubnell,
- H. Seo,
- D. Sprayberry,
- G. Tarlé,
- M. Vargas-Magaña,
- B. A. Weaver,
- R. Zhou
Affiliations
- Claire Poppett
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California , Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- Luke Tyas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- J. Aguilar
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Christopher Bebek
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- D. Bramall
- Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- T. Claybaugh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- J. Edelstein
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California , Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- P. Fagrelius
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- H. Heetderks
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California , Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- P. Jelinsky
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California , Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- S. Jelinsky
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California , Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- Robin Lafever
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- A. Lambert
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- M. Lampton
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California , Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- Michael E. Levi
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- P. Martini
- ORCiD
- Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 4055 McPherson Laboratory, 140 W 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- C. Rockosi
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95065, USA; University of California Observatories , 1156 High Street, Sana Cruz, CA 95065, USA
- J. Schmoll
- ORCiD
- Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Ray M. Sharples
- ORCiD
- Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Martin Sirk
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California , Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- Edward Wishnow
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California , Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- Jiaxi Yu
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- S. Ahlen
- ORCiD
- Physics Dept., Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- A. Bault
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 92697, USA
- S. BenZvi
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester , 206 Bausch and Lomb Hall, P.O. Box 270171, Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USA
- D. Brooks
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- S. Cole
- ORCiD
- Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- A. de la Macorra
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Cd. de México C.P. 04510, Mexico
- Arjun Dey
- ORCiD
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- P. Doel
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- K. Fanning
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Menlo Park, CA 94305, USA; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94305, USA
- A. Font-Ribera
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona, Spain
- J. E. Forero-Romero
- ORCiD
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes , Cra. 1 No. 18A-10, Edificio Ip, CP 111711, Bogotá, Colombia; Observatorio Astronómico, Universidad de los Andes , Cra. 1 No. 18A-10, Edificio H, CP 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
- E. Gaztañaga
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK; Institute of Space Sciences , ICE-CSIC, Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08913 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- S. Gontcho A Gontcho
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- A. X. Gonzalez-Morales
- ORCiD
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología , Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582. Colonia Crédito Constructor, Del. Benito Juárez C.P. 03940, México D.F. Mexico; Departamento de Física, Universidad de Guanajuato - DCI , C.P. 37150, Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico
- C. Hahn
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- K. Honscheid
- Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physics, The Ohio State University , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- J. Jimenez
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona, Spain
- S. Juneau
- ORCiD
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- D. Kirkby
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 92697, USA
- A. Kremin
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- M. Landriau
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- L. Le Guillou
- ORCiD
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), FR-75005 Paris, France
- M. Manera
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Física, Serra Húnter, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- A. Meisner
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- R. Miquel
- ORCiD
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- J. Moustakas
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Siena College, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY 12211, USA
- E. Mueller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
- A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Cd. de México C.P. 04510, Mexico
- A. D. Myers
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University, Dept. 3905, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- J. Nie
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , A20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
- G. Niz
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Guanajuato - DCI , C.P. 37150, Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico; Instituto Avanzado de Cosmología A.C. , San Marcos 11 - Atenas 202. Magdalena Contreras, 10720. Ciudad de México, Mexico
- N. Palanque-Delabrouille
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Sacla y, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- W. J. Percival
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics , 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada; Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- F. Prada
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC) , Glorieta de la Astronomía, s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain
- D. Rabinowitz
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, Yale University , P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- M. Rezaie
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University , 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- G. Rossi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University , Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
- E. Sanchez
- ORCiD
- CIEMAT , Avenida Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Edward F. Schlafly
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- D. Schlegel
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- M. Schubnell
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- H. Seo
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University , Athens, OH 45701, USA
- D. Sprayberry
- ORCiD
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- G. Tarlé
- ORCiD
- University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- M. Vargas-Magaña
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Cd. de México C.P. 04510, Mexico
- B. A. Weaver
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- R. Zhou
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad76a4
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 168,
no. 6
p. 245
Abstract
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a revolutionary instrument designed for precise measurements of cosmic distances and the investigation of dark energy. DESI utilizes 5000 optical fibers to simultaneously measure the spectra of distant objects and aims to measure 40 million galaxies and quasars in a 5 yr survey. One of the critical challenges to DESI’s success was ensuring that the fiber system was not only highly efficient but also delivered a highly stable beam enabling more reliable sky subtraction for measurements of faint objects. We achieved this stability by minimizing the stress on the fiber system during the manufacture and operation of the telescope and fiber positioning robots. We installed the DESI fiber system on the 4 m Mayall telescope with ≥99% of fibers intact, and the instrument has delivered superb optical performance throughout the initial years of the DESI survey, including ≥90% average throughput when injected with a focal ratio of ∼ f /3.9 as delivered by the primary focus corrector, excluding fiber absorption losses. The design of DESI required multiple innovations to achieve these requirements, such as cleaved fibers bonded with a UV-curing epoxy to glass ferrules in the focal plane and fusion splicing instead of physical connectors. In this paper, we describe the development, delivery, and installation of the fiber system, the innovations that made the state-of-the-art performance possible, and the key lessons learned that could benefit future projects.
Keywords
