Научный вестник МГТУ ГА (Jun 2017)
TWO-PARAMETER IRT MODEL APPLICATION TO ASSESS PROBABILISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROHIBITED ITEMS DETECTION BY AVIATION SECURITY SCREENERS
Abstract
The modern approaches to the aviation security screeners’ efficiency have been analyzedand, certain drawbacks have been considered. The main drawback is the complexity of ICAO recommendations implementation concerning taking into account of shadow x-ray image complexity factors during preparation and evaluation of prohibited items detection efficiency by aviation security screeners. Х-ray image based factors are the specific properties of the x-ray image that influence the ability to detect prohibited items by aviation security screeners. The most important complexity factors are: geometric characteristics of a prohibited item; view difficulty of prohibited items; superposition of prohibited items byother objects in the bag; bag content complexity; the color similarity of prohibited and usual items in the luggage.The one-dimensional two-parameter IRT model and the related criterion of aviation security screeners’ qualification have been suggested. Within the suggested model the probabilistic detection characteristics of aviation security screeners are considered as functions of such parameters as the difference between level of qualification and level of x-ray images complexity, and also between the aviation security screeners’ responsibility and structure of their professional knowledge. On the basis of the given model it is possible to consider two characteristic functions: first of all, characteristic function of qualification level which describes multi-complexity level of x-ray image interpretation competency of the aviation security screener; secondly, characteristic function of the x-ray image complexity which describes the range of x-ray image interpretation competency of the aviation security screeners having various training levels to interpret the x-ray image of a certain level of complexity. The suggested complex criterion to assess the level of the aviation security screener qualification allows to evaluate his or her competency taking into account not only the average level qualification, but its possible variance. The important feature of implementing IRT models logistic functions is the necessity of preliminary selection of test images. Test x-ray images have to be selected in the ascending order of their complexity taking into consideration the influence of various factors.The suggested model may be applied both in the field of improving of aviation security screeners’ training methods to provide screening procedures, and while solving problems of increasing the efficiency of the screening system functioning.
