Study on attractors during organism evolution

Abstract

Abstract The important question that arises during determining the evolution of organisms is whether evolution should be treated as a continuous process or whether groups of organisms fall into 'local' attractors during evolution. A similar question arises during considering the development of cells after cancer transformation. Answers to these questions can provide a better understanding of how normal and transformed organisms evolve. So far, no satisfactory answers have been found to these questions. To find the answers and demonstrate that organisms during evolution get trapped in 'local' attractors, an artificial neural network supported by a semihomologous approach and unified cell bioenergetics concept have been used in this work. A new universal model of cancer transformation and cancer development has been established and presented to highlight the differences between the development of transformed cells and normal organisms. An unequivocal explanation of cancer initialization and development has not been discovered so far, thus the proposed model should shed new light on the evolution of transformed cells.