Fluence requirements in existing UV disinfection facilities to comply with EU validation performance targets for reclaimed water: a case study

Abstract

Since 2020, there is a new European Regulation (EU, 2020/741) on minimum requirements for water reuse, where routine and validation monitoring requirements (log reductions of indicator microorganisms and reference pathogens) have been established. Many reclamation facilities that are already in operation might have difficulties to comply with these performance targets. Existing disinfection systems must be expanded and upgraded. In the case of UV disinfection systems, fluence requirements must be determined to properly design with a focus on the safety and economic-environmental viability of reclaimed water. This study can be used as a reference to develop fluence-response curves for Clostridium perfringens spores, Escherichia coli, and total and F-specific coliphages, indicator microorganisms referred to in the new European Regulation. Eight UV-LED collimated beam tests were performed. Samples were obtained from filtered effluent of secondary treatment from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) which ranged between 30 and 54%. Results showed UV sensitivity of 33.46 mJ/cm2 log I for C. perfringens spores and 2.86 mJ/cm2 log I for E. coli, both from environmental origin. Coliphages were inactivated below the limit of quantitation. The non-dominance of MS2 phages in environmental F-specific coliphages was observed. HIGHLIGHTS Existing reclamation facilities might have difficulties to meet European performance targets.; They must be properly expanded with a focus on the safety and economic-environmental viability of reclaimed water.; Fluence requirements for environmental microorganisms must be determined.; UV sensitivity of 33.46 mJ/cm2 log I for env. C. perfringens spores was shown.; Non-dominance of env. MS2 phages was observed.;

Keywords

• disinfection
• dose–response curves
• environmental microorganisms
• performance targets
• uv radiation
• wastewater