Erythromycin-metal complexes: One-step synthesis, molecular docking analysis and antibacterial proficiency against pathogenic strains
Samuel Attah Egu,
Lian Ojotule Abah,
Jumai Zainab Hussaini,
Alexander David Onoja,
Irfan Ali,
Atiya Habib,
Urooj Qureshi,
Sunday Okpanachi Idih,
Emmanuel Edegbo,
Lawrence Achimugu,
Aminu Omale,
Ojochide Charity Michael,
Mohammed Umar Adaji,
Jamila Audu Omale
Affiliations
Samuel Attah Egu
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Genomics and Molecular Biology Training and Research Laboratory, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Corresponding author. Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria.
Lian Ojotule Abah
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
Jumai Zainab Hussaini
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
Alexander David Onoja
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
Irfan Ali
H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
Atiya Habib
Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
Urooj Qureshi
Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
Sunday Okpanachi Idih
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
Emmanuel Edegbo
Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi, Nigeria
Lawrence Achimugu
Department of Science Education, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi, Nigeria
Aminu Omale
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
Ojochide Charity Michael
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
Mohammed Umar Adaji
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Genomics and Molecular Biology Training and Research Laboratory, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
Jamila Audu Omale
Genomics and Molecular Biology Training and Research Laboratory, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi, Nigeria
The study focused on the extraction of free erythromycin from commercially manufactured tablets and the use of metal salts to synthesize erythromycin-metal complexes, specifically involving silver (Ag), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and copper (Cu). The synthesis was confirmed through various methods, including elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and UV–visible spectroscopy. The microbiological investigation involved Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, and Microsporum canis as test organisms. The NCCLS broth microdilution reference method was used to determine the minimum fungicidal concentration and minimum inhibitory concentration of the complexes. The synthesized complexes were highly effective against a variety of fungi and bacteria, with compound Ery-Cu having MIC as low as 1.56 mg/mL, Ery-Cu and Ery-Ni with MBCs of 6.25 mg/mL and Ery-Cu having MFC of 6.25 mg/mL. Dose-dependent inhibitory effects were found upon examination of the antimicrobial susceptibility of specific complexes (Cu, Ni, Co and Ag) at varying concentrations of 100, 50, 25 and 12.5 mm/mL. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed efficacy against the tested pathogens. The study suggests that the synthesis of erythromycin-metal complexes, coupled with their antibacterial effectiveness against a diverse spectrum of bacteria and fungi, as they showed promising inhibitory properties when tested against a range of test species (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans, and Microsporum canis), could lead to the development of innovative antibacterial agents. Molecular docking simulations were used to examine the interactions between metal complexes with proteins filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z and lanosterol 14α-demethylase. The study highlights the need for further exploration in pharmaceutical research.
