Revisiting metastable cosmic string breaking

Abstract

Abstract Metastable cosmic strings appear in models of new physics with a two-step symmetry breaking G → H → 1, where π 1(H) ≠ 0 and π 1(G) = 0. They decay via the monopole-antimonopole pair creation inside. Conventionally, the breaking rate has been estimated by an infinitely thin string approximation, which requires a large hierarchy between the symmetry breaking scales. In this paper, we reexamine it by taking into account the finite sizes of both the cosmic string and the monopole. We obtain a robust lower limit on the tunneling factor e − S B $$ {e}^{-{S}_B} $$ even for regimes the conventional estimate is unreliable. In particular, it is relevant to the cosmic string interpretation of the gravitational wave signals recently reported by pulsar timing array experiments.

Keywords

• Phase Transitions in the Early Universe
• Grand Unification