Smuggled or trafficked?

Abstract

The UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (TNC) and its two Protocols on Trafficking and Smuggling, adopted in 2000, seek to distinguish between trafficking and smuggling. In reality these distinctions are often blurred. A more nuanced approach is needed to ensure protection for all those at risk.

Keywords

• forced migration
• asylum
• refugee
• displacement
• human
• trafficking
• smuggling
• international law