Patient Empowerment and Associations with Disease Activity and Pain‐Related and Lifestyle Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Background Empowerment is important to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because most care is in the form of self‐management. The aim was to study levels of empowerment and associated variables in patients with RA and to investigate longitudinal clinical data in patients with low and high empowerment. Methods A postal survey was sent in 2017 to patients with RA from the BARFOT (Better Anti‐Rheumatic Pharmacotherapy) cohort that included questions about disease activity, pain‐related factors, lifestyle habits, and contained the Swedish Rheumatic Disease Empowerment Scale (SWE‐RES‐23). The 844 patients who answered the SWE‐RES‐23 made up the cohort of the present study. Differences in level of empowerment between groups (low, moderate, and high empowerment) were analyzed with ANOVA. Logistic regression analysis was used to study variables associated with low empowerment. Thirdly, we performed comparisons in longitudinal data (15 years) of disease activity, pain, and physical function between the three empowerment groups (low, moderate, and high empowerment). Results Patients with low empowerment (n = 282) were significantly older, more often women, and reported worse pain‐related factors and physical function and lower moderate and vigorous physical activity compared with those with high empowerment (n = 270). An analysis of longitudinal data found that patients with low empowerment had worse pain and physical function at all time points. Conclusion Patients with low empowerment have more pain‐related symptoms, poorer physical function, and are less physically active. To promote patient empowerment in rehabilitation interventions it is important to identify and support self‐management.