Polarity-guided phytochemical extraction, polyphenolic characterization, and multimode biological evaluation of Seriphidium kurramense (Qazilb.) Y. R. Ling

Abstract

Purpose of study: The undertaken study aims to assess the polyphenolic profile, and antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic potential of Seriphidium kurramense (Qazilb.) Y. R. Ling extracts. Methods: Extracts of aerial parts were prepared by successive extraction (n-hexane {Sk-nH}, ethyl acetate {Sk-EA}, methanol {Sk-M} and aqueous {Sk-Aq}). Chromogenic assays determined the antioxidant profile while HPLC quantified several polyphenols. Agar well diffusion was employed for antimicrobial potential while brine shrimp and hemolytic assays established the biosafety profile. Results: The results have shown that maximum extract recovery (17.49% w/w), total phenolics content (24.44 ± 0.15 μg GAE/mgE), and total flavonoids content (6.87 ± 0.25 μg QE/mgE) were recorded in Sk-Aq. RP-HPLC quantified a significant amount of syringic acid (1.43 ± 0.05 µg/mgE), caffeic acid (0.48 ± 0.02 µg/mgE), gentisic acid (6.44 ± 0.01 µg/mgE), and quercetin (4.39 ± 0.01 µg/mgE) in Sk-Aq, while maximum amounts of thymoquinone (0.21 ± 0.02 µg/mgE) and luteolin (3.90 ± 0.03 µg/mgE) along with apigenin (3.72 ± 0.03 µg/mgE) existed in Sk-M and highest quantities of ferulic acid (2.98 ± 0.01 µg/mgE), myricetin (1.04 ± 0.02 µg/mgE) and kaempferol (1.23 ± 0.01 µg/mgE) were found to be present in Sk-EA. A substantial free radical scavenging (85.87 ± 1.00%), total reducing power (211.93 ± 0.97 µg AAE/mgE), and urease inhibition activity (87.99 ± 0.19% at 500 µg/ml) were also recorded in the Sk-Aq. The highest antioxidant capacity (243.5 ± 1.12 µg AAE/mgE), antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity (100% reduction in plaque formation at 400 µg/ml) were observed for Sk-EA. Maximum antibacterial and antifungal activities were revealed against Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC = 25 ± 0.37 µg/ml), and Candida albicans (MIC = 50 ± 0.19 µg/ml) respectively. The prominent antidiabetic potential was displayed by Sk-nH in terms of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. Conclusion: The results reported, herein suggest that S. kurramense can be a promising candidate for antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antidiabetic secondary metabolites.

Keywords

• Antibacterial
• Antioxidant
• Antiviral
• Anti-urease
• Plaque reduction