Качественная клиническая практика (Jun 2018)
Pharmacoeconomic aspects of the diabetic ketoacidosis prevention in type 1 diabetes mellitus by self-monitoring of blood ketones
Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most serious acute complications observed with a frequency of 10-100 cases per year per 1000 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). More than a third of patients with DKA are admitted to hospital in diabetic coma state (DC) with mortality of 19%. In spite of the serious complications and the high social importance, the problem of preventing the DKA has received little attention. Objective: To evaluate the epidemiology of the DKA and pharmacoeconomic aspects of monitoring blood ketones at home, as one of the measures of prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 1 diabetes in Russia. Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted among national and international databases. Direct medical costs for treatment of the DKA and DC were studied in several hospitals of the Russian Federation. Cost-eff ectiveness of preventing the DKA for the public health system was evaluated. Results. Over 2.05 thousands of children’s and adolescents, and 14.9 thousand of adults with DM1 and the DKA are hospitalized annually in the Russian Federation, 0.62 and 7.47 thousands respectively in a state of DC that leads to a total cost of hospitalization of 63.8 millions, and 528.6 millions rubles, respectively. Monitoring of ketone bodies at home is one of the main methods for the prevention of DKA. Two methods for detecting ketosis are currently available in the Russian Federation: blood β-hydroxybutyrate testing and urine acetoacetate testing. Measurement of β-ketones in the blood as an accurate indicator of the amount of ketones in the microcirculation, shows the level of ketones in the blood at the present moment, allows adjust therapy and almost twice reduces the need for hospitalization, that may lead to a reduction in the annual cost of treatment of DKA and DC in hospitals by almost 300 million rubles in Russia. Conclusions. Th e widespread introduction of measuring β-ketones in the blood in routine practice for patients with DM1 will greatly reduce the number of hospitalizations and deaths due to diabetic ketoacidosis, as well as healthcare costs associated with this condition.
