Nanomaterials-Based Photodynamic Therapy with Combined Treatment Improves Antitumor Efficacy Through Boosting Immunogenic Cell Death

Abstract

Feiyang Jin,1 Di Liu,1 Xiaoling Xu,1 Jiansong Ji,2 Yongzhong Du1 1Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jiansong JiDepartment of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel [phone]Email [email protected] DuInstitute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of ChinaTel [phone]Email [email protected]: Benefiting from the rapid development of nanotechnology, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is arising as a novel non-invasive clinical treatment for specific cancers, which exerts direct efficacy in destroying primary tumors by generating excessive cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Notably, PDT-induced cell death is related to T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses through induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, ICD elicited via PDT is not strong enough and is limited by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM). Therefore, it is necessary to improve PDT efficacy through enhancing ICD with the combination of synergistic tumor therapies. Herein, the recent progress of nanomaterials-based PDT combined with chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, employing ICD-boosted treatments is reviewed. An outlook about the future application in clinics of nanomaterials-based PDT strategies is also mentioned.Keywords: photodynamic therapy, immunogenic cell death, antitumor immunity, immunosuppressive tumor environment, nanomedicines

Keywords

• photodynamic therapy
• immunogenic cell death
• antitumor immunity
• immunosuppressive tumor environment
• nanomedicines