Local Ancestry and Adaptive Introgression in Xiangnan Cattle
Huixuan Yan,
Jianbo Li,
Kunyu Zhang,
Hongfeng Duan,
Ao Sun,
Baizhong Zhang,
Fuqiang Li,
Ningbo Chen,
Chuzhao Lei,
Kangle Yi
Affiliations
Huixuan Yan
Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
Jianbo Li
Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
Kunyu Zhang
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Hongfeng Duan
Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
Ao Sun
Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
Baizhong Zhang
Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
Fuqiang Li
Hunan Tianhua Industrial Corporation Ltd., Lianyuan 417000, China
Ningbo Chen
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Chuzhao Lei
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Kangle Yi
Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
Exploring the genetic landscape of native cattle is an exciting avenue for elucidating nuanced patterns of genetic variation and adaptive dynamics. Xiangnan cattle, a native Chinese cattle breed mainly produced in Hunan Province, are well adapted to the high temperature and humidity of the local environment and exhibit strong disease resistance. Herein, we employed whole-genome sequences of 16 Xiangnan cattle complemented by published genome data from 81 cattle. Our findings revealed that Xiangnan cattle are pure East Asian indicine cattle with high genetic diversity and low inbreeding. By annotating the selection signals obtained by the CLR, θπ, FST, and XP-EHH methods, genes associated with immunity (ITGB3, CD55, OTUD1, and PRLH) and heat tolerance (COX4I2, DNAJC18, DNAJC1, EIF2AK4, and ASIC2) were identified. In addition, the considerable introgression from banteng and gaur also contributed to the rapid adaptation of Xiangnan cattle to the environment of Southern China. These results will provide a basis for the further conservation and exploitation of Xiangnan cattle genetic resources.
