Correlation between the Serum Fatty Acids and Insulin in Gestational Diabetes

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance that develops or is first recognized during pregnancy. Pregnancy is a diabetogenic condition marked by hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. In the early stages of pregnancy, maternal hormones enhance the production of insulin together with greater peripheral utilization, resulting in lower maternal blood sugar. Despite several research, the pathophysiology of GDM remains unknown, and the results acquired thus far point to a complicated process of interaction between multiple genetic, metabolic, and environmental variables. Methods: The aim of the present study was to find the correlation between serum fatty acid and insulin in GDM. Serum fatty acids were estimated by gas chromatography. Serum insulin levels were estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: In the present study, we have collected serum samples from 50 pregnant women with GDM and normal pregnant women. We observed significantly increased levels of saturated fatty acids such as myristoleate and methyl palmitate, omega-3 fatty acids, α-linolenic acid, and omega-6 fatty acids, arachidonic acid. Conclusion: Alterations in plasma-free fatty acid (FFA) content or profile may contribute to insulin resistance. Furthermore, several FFAs can predict GDM in early pregnancy and are highly related to fetal growth and development, as well as the presence of macrosomia. Finally, proper fatty acid intake should be examined before and during pregnancy to optimize mother and newborn outcomes and introduce new preventive and therapeutic options for GDM.

Keywords

• free fatty acid
• gestational diabetes mellitus
• insulin
• omega-3 fatty acids