Frontiers in Oncology (Feb 2023)

Burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer in North Africa and Middle East countries, 1990 to 2019: Results from the GBD study 2019

  • Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi,
  • Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam,
  • Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam,
  • Sina Azadnajafabad,
  • Negar Rezaei,
  • Zahra Esfahani,
  • Nazila Rezaei,
  • GBD 2019 NAME Tracheal, Bronchus and Lung Cancer Collaborators,
  • Mohsen Naghavi,
  • Mohsen Naghavi,
  • Bagher Larijani,
  • Farshad Farzadfar,
  • Farshad Farzadfar,
  • Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi,
  • Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam,
  • Sina Azadnajafabad,
  • Negar Rezaei,
  • Zahra Esfahani,
  • Nazila Rezaei,
  • Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari,
  • Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari,
  • Meriem Abdoun,
  • Zahra Abrehdari-Tafreshi,
  • Ahmed Abu-Zaid,
  • Aqeel Ahmad,
  • Sepideh Ahmadi,
  • Hanadi Al Hamad,
  • Rumailah Hospital,
  • Saleh Ali Alessy,
  • Syed Mohamed Aljunid,
  • Mehrdad Amir-Behghadami,
  • Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam,
  • Jalal Arabloo,
  • Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy,
  • Nayereh Baghcheghi,
  • Khuloud Bajbouj,
  • Ali Bijani,
  • Mariah Malak Bilalaga,
  • Souad Bouaoud,
  • Daniela Calina,
  • William C S Cho,
  • Omar B Da’ar,
  • Shirin Djalalinia,
  • Hesham Elghazaly,
  • Muhammed Elhadi,
  • Rana Ezzeddini,
  • Alireza Feizkhah,
  • Ahmad Ghashghaee,
  • Mohamad Golitaleb,
  • Atlas Haddadi Avval,
  • Nima Hafezi-Nejad,
  • Randah R Hamadeh,
  • Mahsa Jalili,
  • Elham Jamshidi,
  • Amirali Karimi,
  • Yousef Saleh Khader,
  • Javad Khanali,
  • Farzad Kompani,
  • Hamid Reza Koohestani,
  • Burcu Kucuk Bicer,
  • Ahmad R Mafi,
  • Ata Mahmoodpoor,
  • Mohammad-Reza Malekpour,
  • Ahmad Azam Malik,
  • Reza Mirfakhraie,
  • Esmaeil Mohammadi,
  • Sara Momtazmanesh,
  • Rahmatollah Moradzadeh,
  • Paula Moraga,
  • Zuhair S Natto,
  • Maryam Noori,
  • Simone Perna,
  • Raffaele Pezzani,
  • AIROB (Associazione Italiana Ricerca Oncologica di Base),
  • Majid Pirestani,
  • Ashkan Pourabhari Langroudi,
  • Mohammad Rabiee,
  • Navid Rabiee,
  • Shayan Rahmani,
  • Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan,
  • Nima Rezaei,
  • Gholamreza Roshandel,
  • Erfan Sadeghi,
  • Amir Salek Farrokhi,
  • Abdallah M Samy,
  • Brijesh Sathian,
  • Saeed Shahabi,
  • Javad Sharifi-Rad,
  • Sara Sheikhbahaei,
  • Zahra Shokri Varniab,
  • Seyed Afshin Shorofi,
  • Moslem Taheri Soodejani,
  • Abdelghani Tbakhi,
  • Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi,
  • Sahel Valadan Tahbaz,
  • Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari,
  • Zabihollah Yousefi,
  • Maryam Zamanian,
  • Iman Zare,
  • Armin Zarrintan,
  • Mohammad Zoladl,
  • Mohsen Naghavi,
  • Bagher Larijani,
  • Farshad Farzadfar

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.1098218
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 12

Abstract

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ObjectiveTo provide estimates on the regional and national burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019 in the North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region.Methods and materialsThe Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data were used. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), death, incidence, and prevalence rates were categorized by sex and age groups in the NAME region, in 21 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Decomposition analysis was performed to calculate the proportion of responsible factors in the emergence of new cases. Data are presented as point estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).ResultsIn the NAME region, TBL cancer caused 15,396 and 57,114 deaths in women and men, respectively, in 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased by 0.7% (95% UI -20.6 to 24.1) and reached 16.8 per 100,000 (14.9 to 19.0) in 2019. All the age-standardized indices had a decreasing trend in men and an increasing trend in women from 1990 to 2019. Turkey (34.9 per 100,000 [27.6 to 43.5]) and Sudan (8.0 per 100,000 [5.2 to 12.5]) had the highest and lowest age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs) in 2019, respectively. The highest and lowest absolute slopes of change in ASPR, from 1990 to 2019, were seen in Bahrain (-50.0% (-63.6 to -31.7)) and the United Arab Emirates (-1.2% (-34.1 to 53.8)), respectively. The number of deaths attributable to risk factors was 58,816 (51,709 to 67,323) in 2019 and increased by 136.5%. Decomposition analysis showed that population growth and age structure change positively contributed to new incident cases. More than 80% of DALYs could be decreased by controlling risk factors, particularly tobacco use.ConclusionThe incidence, prevalence, and DALY rates of TBL cancer increased, and the death rate remained unchanged from 1990 to 2019. All the indices and contribution of risk factors decreased in men but increased in women. Tobacco is still the leading risk factor. Early diagnosis and tobacco cessation policies should be improved.

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