Вестник урологии (Sep 2015)
TECHNIQUE OF EXTRACORPOREAL PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY IN TERMS OF PHARMACO-COLD ISCHEMIA WITHOUT CROSSING THE URETER WITH RENAL VESSELS ORTHOTOPIC REPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Abstract
Background. The most difficult is to determine medical tactics in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with intraparenchimal and central localization in the single, the only functioning kidney, as well as with a combination of tumor and other illnesses in contralateral kidney. Partial nephrectomy leading to renal replacement therapy results in life-threatening complications and poor prognosis. The priority is to develop organ-preserving treatment: from minimally invasive endoscopic surgery to ex vivo kidney resection. Aim: to develop a technique of extracorporeal partial nephrectomy in terms of pharmaco-cold ischemia without crossing the ureter with renal vessels orthotopic replantation in patients with RCC. Materials and methods. The study included 37 patients with pT1a-T3vN0M0-1G1-3 RCC with intraparenchymal and central tumor location. The average age of the patients was 55.32 ± 13.1 years. The ratio of men and women - 2.7:1. Bilateral renal tumors were observed in 3 (8.1%) patients, and the RCC of the single functioning kidney in 6 (16.2%) patients. One patient (2.7%) was diagnosed RCC of a single kidney with intraluminal invasion (cava-renal form). Results. The mean operation time was 413.97 ± 89.14 minutes. The mean warm ischemia time – 8.39 ± 4.75 minutes. Cold ischemia lasted from 70 to 240 minutes, on the average 151.41 ± 41.29 min. The amount of blood loss made up 729.03 ± 481.4 ml. Perioperative complications were detected in 3 (8.1%) patients. In two cases after starting the renal blood flow the kidney was found to be nonviable and had to be removed. And in one case the recurrent prosthetic thrombosis of the renal artery resulted in a renal scarring. Postoperative complications were observed in 18 (48.6%) patients. According to Clavien-Dindo classification there were 8 low grade (I-II degree) complications (44.4%), 8 other of III degree, and one IV degree complication, and there was one lethal case (V degree). Conclusion. Extracorporeal partial nephrectomy in terms of pharmaco-cold ischemia without crossing the ureter with orthotopic renal vessels replantation in patients with RCC is a relatively safe organ-preserving treatment. The long period of cold ischemia allows one to perform the resection stage of any complexity and duration. This technique gives the possibility to remove tumor larger than 40 mm and of any location. Extended resections up to one-stage excision of solitary kidney with thrombectomy from inferior vena cava and the inferior vena cava resection are possible and safe. The proposed technique allows one to put the kidney back into its place with the orthotopic renal vessels replantation and excludes the complementary access with the consequent loss of time for dissection and autologous transplantation of kidney in the iliac region. Moreover, there is no necessity to cross the ureter and to make uretero-ureteroanastomosis, uretero-cystoanastomosis.
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