Quantum description of angles in the plane

Abstract

The real plane with its set of orientations or angles in [0, π) is the simplest non trivial example of a (projective) Hilbert space and provides nice illustrations of quantum formalism. We present some of them, namely covariant integral quantization, linear polarisation of light as a quantum measurement, interpretation of entanglement leading to the violation of Bell inequalities, and spin one-half coherent states viewed as two entangled angles.

Keywords

• integral quantization
• real hilbert spaces
• quantum entanglement