The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2025)
exoALMA. XV. Interpreting the Height of CO Emission Layer
- Giovanni P. Rosotti,
- Cristiano Longarini,
- Teresa Paneque-Carreño,
- Gianni Cataldi,
- Maria Galloway-Sprietsma,
- Sean M. Andrews,
- Jaehan Bae,
- Marcelo Barraza-Alfaro,
- Myriam Benisty,
- Pietro Curone,
- Ian Czekala,
- Stefano Facchini,
- Daniele Fasano,
- Mario Flock,
- Misato Fukagawa,
- Himanshi Garg,
- Cassandra Hall,
- Jane Huang,
- John D. Ilee,
- Andrés F. Izquierdo,
- Kazuhiro Kanagawa,
- Geoffroy Lesur,
- Giuseppe Lodato,
- Ryan A. Loomis,
- Ryuta Orihara,
- Christophe Pinte,
- Daniel J. Price,
- Jochen Stadler,
- Richard Teague,
- Gaylor Wafflard- Fernandez,
- Andrew J. Winter,
- Lisa Wölfer,
- Hsi-Wei Yen,
- Tomohiro C. Yoshida,
- Brianna Zawadzki
Affiliations
- Giovanni P. Rosotti
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy ; [email protected]
- Cristiano Longarini
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy ; [email protected]; Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Rd., CB30HA, Cambridge, UK
- Teresa Paneque-Carreño
- ORCiD
- European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Gianni Cataldi
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Maria Galloway-Sprietsma
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Sean M. Andrews
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Jaehan Bae
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Marcelo Barraza-Alfaro
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Myriam Benisty
- ORCiD
- Université Côte d’Azur , Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, 06304 Nice, France; Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA) , Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Pietro Curone
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy ; [email protected]; Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile , Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- Ian Czekala
- ORCiD
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St. Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
- Stefano Facchini
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy ; [email protected]
- Daniele Fasano
- ORCiD
- Université Côte d’Azur , Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, 06304 Nice, France
- Mario Flock
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA) , Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Misato Fukagawa
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Himanshi Garg
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University , Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
- Cassandra Hall
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Georgia , Athens, GA 30602, USA; Center for Simulational Physics, The University of Georgia , Athens, GA 30602, USA; Institute for Artificial Intelligence, The University of Georgia , Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Jane Huang
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Columbia University , 538 W. 120th St., Pupin Hall, New York, NY, USA
- John D. Ilee
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds , Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Andrés F. Izquierdo
- ORCiD
- European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Astronomy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Kazuhiro Kanagawa
- ORCiD
- College of Science, Ibaraki University , 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Geoffroy Lesur
- ORCiD
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Giuseppe Lodato
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy ; [email protected]
- Ryan A. Loomis
- ORCiD
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Rd., Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Ryuta Orihara
- ORCiD
- College of Science, Ibaraki University , 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Christophe Pinte
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University , Clayton VIC 3800, Australia; Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Daniel J. Price
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University , Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
- Jochen Stadler
- ORCiD
- Université Côte d’Azur , Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, 06304 Nice, France
- Richard Teague
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Gaylor Wafflard- Fernandez
- ORCiD
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Andrew J. Winter
- ORCiD
- Université Côte d’Azur , Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, 06304 Nice, France; Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA) , Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Lisa Wölfer
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Hsi-Wei Yen
- ORCiD
- Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics , 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Tomohiro C. Yoshida
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Brianna Zawadzki
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University , 96 Foss Hill Drive, Middletown, CT 06459, USA; Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc42e
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 984,
no. 1
p. L20
Abstract
The availability of exquisite data and the development of new analysis techniques have enabled the study of emitting heights in protoplanetary disks. In this paper, we introduce a simple model linking the emitting height of CO to the disk surface density and temperature structure. We then apply the model to measurements of the emitting height and disk temperature conducted as part of exoALMA, integrated with additional legacy measurements from the MAPS Large Programme, to derive CO column densities and surface density profiles (assuming a CO abundance) for a total of 14 disks. A unique feature of the method we introduce to measure surface densities is that it can be applied to optically thick observations, rather than optically thin as conventionally done. While we use our method on a sample of well-studied disks where temperature structures have been derived using two emission lines, we show that reasonably accurate estimates can be obtained also when only one molecular transition is available. With our method, we obtain independent constraints from ^12 CO and ^13 CO, and we find they are in general good agreement using the standard ^12 C/ ^13 C isotopic ratio. The masses derived from our method are systematically lower compared with the values derived dynamically from the rotation curve if using an interstellar matter (ISM) CO abundance, implying that CO is depleted by a median factor ∼20 with respect to the ISM value, in line with other works that find that CO is depleted in protoplanetary disks.
Keywords
