Pathogens (Jun 2021)

Epidemiological Aspects of Maternal and Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Panama

  • Carlos Flores,
  • Delba Villalobos-Cerrud,
  • Jovanna Borace,
  • Lorena Fábrega,
  • Ximena Norero,
  • X. Sáez-Llorens,
  • María Teresa Moreno,
  • Carlos M. Restrepo,
  • Alejandro Llanes,
  • Mario Quijada R.,
  • Mayrene Ladrón De Guevara,
  • German Guzmán,
  • Valli de la Guardia,
  • Anabel García,
  • María F. Lucero,
  • Digna Wong,
  • Rima Mcleod,
  • Mariangela Soberon,
  • Zuleima Caballero E.

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060764
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 10, no. 6
p. 764

Abstract

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In Panama, epidemiological data on congenital toxoplasmosis are limited, making it difficult to understand the scope of clinical manifestations in the population and factors that may increase the risk of infection. This study provides insight into the epidemiological situation of maternal and congenital toxoplasmosis in Panama and contributing information on the burden of this disease in Central America. Blood samples were collected from 2326 pregnant women and used for the detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies. A high seroprevalence (44.41%) was observed for T. gondii infection in pregnant women from different regions of Panama, with an estimated incidence rate of congenital toxoplasmosis of 3.8 cases per 1000 live births. The main risk factors associated with T. gondii infection using bivariate statistical analysis were an elementary level education and maternal age range of 34-45 years. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed that in some regions (San Miguelito, North and West regions), the number of positive cases correlated with the presence of pets, stray dogs and the consumption of poultry. In other regions (East and Metropolitan regions), the absence of pets was considered a protective factor associated with negative cases, while the presence of stray cats and the age range of 25–34 years did not represent any risk in these regions.

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