Ginseng<sup>®</sup> Alleviates Malathion-Induced Hepatorenal Injury through Modulation of the Biochemical, Antioxidant, Anti-Apoptotic, and Anti-Inflammatory Markers in Male Rats
Heba I. Ghamry,
Asmaa A. Aboushouk,
Mohamed Mohamed Soliman,
Sarah M. Albogami,
Hossam G. Tohamy,
Osama S. El Okle,
Saed A. Althobaiti,
Shaymaa Rezk,
Foad Farrag,
Azza I. Helal,
Hanan A. Ghoneim,
Mustafa Shukry
Affiliations
Heba I. Ghamry
Department of Home Economics, College of Home Economics, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Asmaa A. Aboushouk
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
Sarah M. Albogami
Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Hossam G. Tohamy
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
Osama S. El Okle
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
Saed A. Althobaiti
Biology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
Shaymaa Rezk
Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
Foad Farrag
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
Azza I. Helal
Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
Hanan A. Ghoneim
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
Mustafa Shukry
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
This study aims to see if Ginseng® can reduce the hepatorenal damage caused by malathion. Four groups of forty male Wistar albino rats were alienated. Group 1 was a control group that got orally supplied corn oil (vehicle). Group 2 was intoxicated by malathion dissolved in corn oil orally at 135 mg/kg/day. Group 3 orally received both malathion + Panax Ginseng® (300 mg/kg/day). Group 4 was orally given Panax Ginseng® at a 300 mg/kg/day dose. Treatments were administered daily and continued for up to 30 consecutive days. Malathion’s toxic effect on both hepatic and renal tissues was revealed by a considerable loss in body weight and biochemically by a marked increase in liver enzymes, LDH, ACP, cholesterol, and functional renal markers with a marked decrease in serum TP, albumin, and TG levels with decreased AchE and Paraoxonase activity. Additionally, malondialdehydes, nitric oxide (nitrite), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, and TNFα with a significant drop in the antioxidant activities were reported in the malathion group. Malathion upregulated the inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic genes, while Nrf2, Bcl2, and HO-1 were downregulated. Ginseng® and malathion co-treatment reduced malathion’s harmful effects by restoring metabolic indicators, enhancing antioxidant pursuit, lowering the inflammatory reaction, and alleviating pathological alterations. So, Ginseng® may have protective effects against hepatic and renal malathion-induced toxicity on biochemical, antioxidant, molecular, and cell levels.
