Two Stage Complex Embolization of an Arteriovenous Fistula between the Right Common Iliac Artery and the Inferior Vena Cava

Abstract

<p>We present an interesting case of a symptomatic high flow AV fistula between the right common iliac artery (CIA) and the inferior vena cava (IVC), successfully treated by endovascular coil embolization. The patient was found to have a right lower polar renal artery crossing the ipsilateral ureter arising from the CIA, causing pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction and recurrent pyelonephritis. It is hypothesized that this fistula arising from the lower polar renal artery and entering the IVC, may have occurred as a result of trauma during a previous pyeloplasty, or a pathologically induced process of angiogenesis stemming from recurrent pyelonephritis.</p>

Keywords

• Arteriovenous fistula, endovascular embolisation, transvenous embolisation, accessory renal artery