Immunoglobulin A response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity
Khaleqsefat Esmat,
Baban Jamil,
Ramiar Kaml Kheder,
Arnaud John Kombe Kombe,
Weihong Zeng,
Huan Ma,
Tengchuan Jin
Affiliations
Khaleqsefat Esmat
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
Baban Jamil
Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, KRG, Erbil, Iraq
Ramiar Kaml Kheder
Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
Laboratory of Structural Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
Weihong Zeng
Laboratory of Structural Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
Huan Ma
Laboratory of Structural Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
Tengchuan Jin
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Laboratory of Structural Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China; Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China; Corresponding author. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its infamous “Variants” of the etiological agent termed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has proven to be a global health concern. The three antibodies, IgA, IgM, and IgG, perform their dedicated role as main workhorses of the host adaptive immune system in virus neutralization. Immunoglobulin-A (IgA), also known as “Mucosal Immunoglobulin”, has been under keen interest throughout the viral infection cycle. Its importance lies because IgA is predominant mucosal antibody and SARS family viruses primarily infect the mucosal surfaces of human respiratory tract. Therefore, IgA can be considered a diagnostic and prognostic marker and an active infection biomarker for SARS CoV-2 infection. Along with molecular analyses, serological tests, including IgA detection tests, are gaining ground in application as an early detectable marker and as a minimally invasive detection strategy. In the current review, it was emphasized the role of IgA response in diagnosis, host defense strategies, treatment, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The data analysis was performed through almost 100 published peer-reviewed research reports and comprehended the importance of IgA in antiviral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and other related respiratory viruses. Taken together, it is concluded that secretory IgA- Abs can serve as a promising detection tool for respiratory viral diagnosis and treatment parallel to IgG-based therapeutics and diagnostics. Vaccine candidates that target and trigger mucosal immune response may also be employed in future dimensions of research against other respiratory viruses.
