International Journal of Nanomedicine (Sep 2022)
Extracellular Vesicles: The Next Generation Theranostic Nanomedicine for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Abstract
De-feng Li,1,* Mei-feng Yang,2,* Jing Xu,3 Hao-ming Xu,3 Min-zheng Zhu,3 Yu-jie Liang,4 Yuan Zhang,5 Cheng-mei Tian,6 Yu-qiang Nie,3 Rui-yue Shi,1 Li-sheng Wang,1 Jun Yao1 1Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hematology, Yantian District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital (School of Medicine of South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Li-sheng Wang; Jun Yao, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 755 25533018, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: The recent rapid development in the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) based nanotechnology has provided unprecedented opportunities for nanomedicine platforms. As natural nanocarriers, EVs such as exosomes, exosome-like nanoparticles and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), have unique structure/composition/morphology characteristics, and show excellent physical and chemical/biochemical properties, making them a new generation of theranostic nanomedicine. Here, we reviewed the characteristics of EVs from the perspective of their formation and biological function in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, EVs can crucially participate in the interaction and communication of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs)-immune cells-gut microbiota to regulate immune response, intestinal inflammation and intestinal homeostasis. Interestingly, based on current representative examples in the field of exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles for IBD treatment, it is shown that plant, milk, and cells-derived exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles can exert a therapeutic effect through their components, such as proteins, nucleic acid, and lipids. Moreover, several drug loading methods and target modification of exosomes are used to improve their therapeutic capability. We also discussed the application of exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles in the treatment of IBD. In this review, we aim to better and more clearly clarify the underlying mechanisms of the EVs in the pathogenesis of IBD, and provide directions of exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles mediated for IBD treatment.Keywords: extracellular vesicles, exosome, exosome-like nanoparticles, inflammatory bowel disease, theranostic
