Journal of Clinical Medicine (Dec 2022)
Biopsychosocial Response to the COVID-19 Lockdown in People with Major Depressive Disorder and Multiple Sclerosis
- Sara Siddi,
- Iago Giné-Vázquez,
- Raquel Bailon,
- Faith Matcham,
- Femke Lamers,
- Spyridon Kontaxis,
- Estela Laporta,
- Esther Garcia,
- Belen Arranz,
- Gloria Dalla Costa,
- Ana Isabel Guerrero,
- Ana Zabalza,
- Mathias Due Buron,
- Giancarlo Comi,
- Letizia Leocani,
- Peter Annas,
- Matthew Hotopf,
- Brenda W. J. H. Penninx,
- Melinda Magyari,
- Per S. Sørensen,
- Xavier Montalban,
- Grace Lavelle,
- Alina Ivan,
- Carolin Oetzmann,
- Katie M. White,
- Sonia Difrancesco,
- Patrick Locatelli,
- David C. Mohr,
- Jordi Aguiló,
- Vaibhav Narayan,
- Amos Folarin,
- Richard J. B. Dobson,
- Judith Dineley,
- Daniel Leightley,
- Nicholas Cummins,
- Srinivasan Vairavan,
- Yathart Ranjan,
- Zulqarnain Rashid,
- Aki Rintala,
- Giovanni De Girolamo,
- Antonio Preti,
- Sara Simblett,
- Til Wykes,
- PAB Members,
- Inez Myin-Germeys,
- Josep Maria Haro,
- on behalf of the RADAR-CNS Consortium
Affiliations
- Sara Siddi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM (Madrid 28029), Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Iago Giné-Vázquez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM (Madrid 28029), Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Raquel Bailon
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faith Matcham
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Femke Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Spyridon Kontaxis
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
- Estela Laporta
- Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Esther Garcia
- Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Belen Arranz
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM (Madrid 28029), Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Gloria Dalla Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Ana Isabel Guerrero
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Ana Zabalza
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Mathias Due Buron
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Giancarlo Comi
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Letizia Leocani
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Peter Annas
- H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark
- Matthew Hotopf
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Melinda Magyari
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Per S. Sørensen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Xavier Montalban
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Grace Lavelle
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Alina Ivan
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Carolin Oetzmann
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Katie M. White
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Sonia Difrancesco
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Patrick Locatelli
- Department of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
- David C. Mohr
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Jordi Aguiló
- Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Vaibhav Narayan
- Research and Development Information Technology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA
- Amos Folarin
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Richard J. B. Dobson
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Judith Dineley
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Daniel Leightley
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Nicholas Cummins
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Srinivasan Vairavan
- Research and Development Information Technology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA
- Yathart Ranjan
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Zulqarnain Rashid
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Aki Rintala
- Department for Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 7001 Leuven, Belgium
- Giovanni De Girolamo
- IRCCS Instituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
- Antonio Preti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Sara Simblett
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Til Wykes
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- PAB Members
- Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department for Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 7001 Leuven, Belgium
- Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM (Madrid 28029), Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- on behalf of the RADAR-CNS Consortium
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237163
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 11,
no. 23
p. 7163
Abstract
Background: Changes in lifestyle, finances and work status during COVID-19 lockdowns may have led to biopsychosocial changes in people with pre-existing vulnerabilities such as Major Depressive Disorders (MDDs) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Methods: Data were collected as a part of the RADAR-CNS (Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse—Central Nervous System) program. We analyzed the following data from long-term participants in a decentralized multinational study: symptoms of depression, heart rate (HR) during the day and night; social activity; sedentary state, steps and physical activity of varying intensity. Linear mixed-effects regression analyses with repeated measures were fitted to assess the changes among three time periods (pre, during and post-lockdown) across the groups, adjusting for depression severity before the pandemic and gender. Results: Participants with MDDs (N = 255) and MS (N = 214) were included in the analyses. Overall, depressive symptoms remained stable across the three periods in both groups. A lower mean HR and HR variation were observed between pre and during lockdown during the day for MDDs and during the night for MS. HR variation during rest periods also decreased between pre- and post-lockdown in both clinical conditions. We observed a reduction in physical activity for MDDs and MS upon the introduction of lockdowns. The group with MDDs exhibited a net increase in social interaction via social network apps over the three periods. Conclusions: Behavioral responses to the lockdown measured by social activity, physical activity and HR may reflect changes in stress in people with MDDs and MS. Remote technology monitoring might promptly activate an early warning of physical and social alterations in these stressful situations. Future studies must explore how stress does or does not impact depression severity.
Keywords
