Rattlesnake (Crotalineae) Bite Simulation

Abstract

Abstract Introduction This educational resource provides the information and materials for a high-fidelity simulation scenario that is appropriate for emergency medicine residents as well as paramedics, internal medicine/family medicine residents, and third− and fourth-year medical students doing an emergency medicine rotation. This scenario utilizes a standardized patient who presents with an acute snake bite to the hand. Methods In this scenario, a picture of the snake is provided by the patient, and the learner should realize that this is a rattlesnake (crotalinae) bite with envenomation. This case includes several branches from least complex (simple bite and swelling) to most complex (hypotension, anaphylaxis, and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation). In addition to details required for setting up and managing the scenario and branches, this resource also includes debriefing and reference materials. Results This case is currently in use at Mayo Clinic in Florida for clinical reasoning and medical knowledge training. This scenario has been used successfully over the past year and is the result of recursive development and experience of the authors during this period. Twenty-four learners (internal medicine residents, family medicine residents, and fourth-year medical students) experienced this simulation. Discussion We found that the ideal number of learners to conduct this actively at any one time may range from one to three. More than four learners in the room during the scenario seemed only to hinder the educational experience as there were both too many people in the room at that time and a lack of leadership of the situation when learner numbers were increased. The total number of participants may vary widely as the remainder will observe the activities and participate in the debrief process.

Keywords

• Simulation
• Anaphylaxis
• Snake Bites
• Rattlesnake
• Crotalus
• Crotalinae