Organizational aspects of medical rehabilitation of patients with respiratory tuberculosis

Abstract

Background. Despite the visible successes of domestic phthisiology at the present time, the problem of medical rehabilitation of patients with tuberculosis remains relevant. In recent years, approaches to medical rehabilitation of patients with various diseases have changed significantly, which entail the need to consider a complex of rehabilitation measures for patients with tuberculosis from the perspective of the Procedures for organizing medical rehabilitation in adults and children and their integration into phthisiatric practice.The aim. To study the organizational aspects of medical rehabilitation of patients with respiratory tuberculosis in the world and the Russian Federation.Methods. We carried out an analysis of domestic and foreign literature, regulatory documents on the organization of rehabilitation for tuberculosis patients for 2018–2023 in electronic databases PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar using terms “tuberculosis, pulmonary/rehabilitation” in English and Russian languages.The results show a growing amount of factual information demonstrating the positive effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with respiratory diseases, including tuberculosis. The analysis revealed defects in the organization of the medical rehabilitation system in the structure of medical care for tuberculosis patients in the Russian Federation. This concerns problems of routing, phasing, organizational models, human and material resources, standardization of the main components of the rehabilitation process, the significance and effectiveness of certain rehabilitation measures, which leads to low availability of rehabilitation care for tuberculosis patients. Deficiencies in the regulatory framework prevent the integration of medical rehabilitation into the practice of TB services.Conclusion. Modern issues of organizing rehabilitation care for patients with tuberculosis require further study and improvement. The development of a system of medical rehabilitation of patients with tuberculosis helps to increase the effectiveness of treatment, to reduce the number of complications, disability, mortality due to tuberculosis, and to increase the duration and quality of life of patients.

Keywords

• tuberculosis
• post-tuberculosis pulmonary disease
• rehabilitation
• pulmonary rehabilitation
• physical and rehabilitation medicine