Research and Reports in Urology (Aug 2023)

Uncommon Haemorrhagic Cystitis of Infectious Origin: A Narrative Review for Urologists

  • Ambrosini F,
  • Riccardi N,
  • Occhineri S,
  • Matucci T,
  • Paraboschi I,
  • Calarco A,
  • Berrettini A,
  • Tiseo G,
  • Canetti D,
  • Van Der Merwe A,
  • Terrone C,
  • Mantica G

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 15
pp. 365 – 373

Abstract

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Francesca Ambrosini,1,2 Niccolò Riccardi,3,4 Sara Occhineri,3,4 Tommaso Matucci,3,4 Irene Paraboschi,5 Alessandro Calarco,6 Alfredo Berrettini,5 Giusy Tiseo,3 Diana Canetti,7 André Van Der Merwe,8 Carlo Terrone,1,2 Guglielmo Mantica1,2 1IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; 2Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy; 3Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; 4StopTB Italia Onlus, Milan, Italy; 5Department of Pediatric Urology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; 6Villa Pia Hospital, Via Folco Portinari 5, Rome, Italy; 7Infectious Diseases Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; 8Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 26697 Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South AfricaCorrespondence: Guglielmo Mantica, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Intergrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy, Tel +390105555960, Email [email protected]: Haemorrhagic cystitis may be due to different etiologies with infectious diseases representing an insidious cause to diagnose. The aim of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive overview of less common but difficult-to-diagnose causes of infectious haemorrhagic cystitis of bacterial, mycobacterial, and parasitic origin, Moreover, we highlight possible diagnostic tools and currently available treatment options in order to give an updated tool for urologists to use in daily practice.Patients and Methods: The search engine PubMed was used to select peer-reviewed articles published from 1/Jan/2010 to 31/Aug/2022.Results: Bacteria, fungal, TB and schistosomiasis are uncommon causes of haemorrhagic cystitis burdened by high morbidity, especially if not promptly diagnosed.Conclusion: Because haemorrhagic cystitis ranges in severity from mild dysuria associated with pelvic discomfort to severe life-threatening haemorrhage, punctual diagnosis, and immediate treatment are essential to avoid further complications.Keywords: cystitis, haemorrhagic cystitis, schistosomiasis, tuberculosis, GUTB

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