Migration of Chemical Compounds from Packaging Materials into Packaged Foods: Interaction, Mechanism, Assessment, and Regulations
Rakesh Kumar Gupta,
Sunil Pipliya,
Sangeetha Karunanithi,
Gnana Moorthy Eswaran U,
Sitesh Kumar,
Shubham Mandliya,
Prem Prakash Srivastav,
Tejas Suthar,
Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh,
Endre Harsányi,
Béla Kovács
Affiliations
Rakesh Kumar Gupta
Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
Sunil Pipliya
Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
Sangeetha Karunanithi
Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
Gnana Moorthy Eswaran U
Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
Sitesh Kumar
Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
Shubham Mandliya
Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
Prem Prakash Srivastav
Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
Tejas Suthar
Independent Researcher, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh
Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Endre Harsányi
Agricultural Research Institutes and Academic Farming (AKIT), Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Béla Kovács
Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
The migration of chemical compounds from packaging polymers to food presents a multifaceted challenge with implications for food safety and public health. This review explores the interaction between packaging materials and food products, focusing on permeation, migration, and sorption processes. The different migration mechanisms of contact migration, gas phase migration, penetration migration, set-off migration, and condensation/distillation migration have been discussed comprehensively. The major migrating compounds are plasticizers, nanoparticles, antioxidants, light stabilizers, thermal stabilizers, monomers, oligomers, printing inks, and adhesives, posing potential health risks due to their association with endocrine disruption and carcinogenic effects. Advanced analytical methods help in the monitoring of migrated compounds, facilitating compliance with regulatory standards. Regulatory agencies enforce guidelines to limit migration, prompting the development of barrier coatings and safer packaging alternatives. Furthermore, there is a need to decipher the migration mechanism for mitigating it along with advancements in analytical techniques for monitoring the migration of compounds.
