Efficacy of beetroot juice on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (BEET-PKD): study protocol for a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Priyanka S. Sagar,
Alexandra Munt,
Sayanthooran Saravanabavan,
Farnoosh Asghar Vahedi,
James Elhindi,
Beatrice Nguyen,
Katrina Chau,
David C. Harris,
Vincent Lee,
Kamal Sud,
Nikki Wong,
Gopala K. Rangan
Affiliations
Priyanka S. Sagar
Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney
Alexandra Munt
Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney
Sayanthooran Saravanabavan
Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney
Farnoosh Asghar Vahedi
Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney
James Elhindi
Research and Education Network, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District
Beatrice Nguyen
Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney
Katrina Chau
Department of Renal Medicine, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District
David C. Harris
Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney
Vincent Lee
Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District
Kamal Sud
Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
Nikki Wong
Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
Gopala K. Rangan
Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney
Abstract Background In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) impaired nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, in part, contributes to early-onset hypertension. Beetroot juice (BRJ) reduces blood pressure (BP) by increasing NO-mediated vasodilation. The aim of this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study is to test the hypothesis that BRJ reduces systolic and diastolic clinic BP in hypertensive adults with ADPKD. Methods Participants with ADPKD and treated hypertension (n = 60) will be randomly allocated (1:1) to receive a daily dose of either nitrate-replete (400 mg nitrate/day) or nitrate-deplete BRJ for 4 weeks. The co-primary outcomes are change in mean systolic and diastolic clinic BP before and after 4 weeks of treatment with daily BRJ. Secondary outcomes are changes in daily home BP, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, serum and salivary nitrate/nitrite levels and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine levels before and after 4 weeks of BRJ. Discussion The effect of BRJ in ADPKD has not been previously tested. BRJ is an accessible, natural dietary supplement that, if effective, will provide a novel adjunctive approach for treating hypertension in ADPKD. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05401409. Retrospectively registered on 27th May 2022.
