Effects of Household-related Factors on Residential Direct CO₂ Emissions in Thailand from 1993 to 2015: a Decomposition Analysis

Abstract

Multiple household-related driving factors of the residential direct CO2 emissions in Thailand have not yet been sufficiently addressed or quantified. In this paper, a logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) decomposition analysis investigated seven effects, including the emission of coefficient effect, the energy structure effect, the energy intensity effect, the household income effect, the urbanization effect, the household size effect and the household effect, on the residential direct carbon emissions that impacted the changes in residential direct CO2 emissions in Thailand from 1993 to 2015. The results showed that the increase in residential direct carbon emissions is mainly attributed to the growing of household income and the increasing number of households. The expansion of urbanization contributed marginally to the increase in emissions. The shrinking household size was a main inhibitory factor and the decline in energy intensity was responsible for the diminishing emissions.