Variability of two-years sibs and halfsibs apple trees of different varieties collection of Vs.M. Krutovsky

Abstract

Are the results of the study of the growth of seed progeny of Apple obtained by hybridization. Studies were conducted in the Botanical Garden of them. Vs.M. Krutovsky with trees varieties of Sharopai (winter maturation, macrocarpa), Antipashaljnoe (winter maturation, with fruits burgundy coloured), Arcad stakanchaty, Golden thorn, Papirovka (earlymaturing, high yield), White naliv (macrocarpa, early maturation). The purpose of the research: selection of parental pairs for hybridization, selection of sibs and halfsibs on elements of early diagnosis, which correlated with macrocarpa and fruits burgundy coloured, indicating that increased plant resistance to disease, pests. The selection of trees for hybridization was carried out by taking into account the following criteria: late blooming flowers, early ripening; increased productivity, macrocarpa, fruits burgundy coloured. Were measured height, diameter of the inner barrel near the root, leaf surface area of seedlings. Was installed the manifestation of colouring of the fruit in the offspring on colouring of leaves, estimating the frequency distribution of the Pearson χ2 criterion. Two-years families made comparison of direct and reverse hybridization parental couples as well as families of the same parent plants with free pollination, by height, diameter of the inner barrel and the leaf surface area. The level of variability in two-years sibs and halfsibs families in height, diameter of the inner barrel -from low to medium, leaf surface area - from medium to high. In the experience, where as the parent trees were taken of Sharopai, the greatest indicators of sibs by height and diameter of the inner barrel were after hybridization with tree № 54 varieties of Papirovka, leaf surface area - tree № 4 of Arcad stakanchaty. Comparison of biometric indicators sibs from direct and reverse hybridization was inconsequential. Families of free crossing of varieties of trees Sharopai in most variants had lower values than the family sibs. Experience with using hybridization trees varieties Antipashaljnoe the greatest performance (height, diameter and leaf surface area) were sibs in hybridization with tree 6 Golden thorn. Indicators were lower when the reverse hybridization trees. Differences between families amounted to 12.1% in height, diameter of the inner barrel - up to 7.3%, leaf surface area -up to 39.7%. The largest biometric indicators were obtained by reverse hybridization tree 76A Antipashaljnoe and 63 Papirovka tree. On the square sheet were select the sibs of 54A White naliv x 52 Antipashaljnoe and halfsibs tree 54A White naliv. The distribution of sibs and halfsibs of colouring of leaves in options with using trees varieties Antipashaljnoe are analyzed: when direct hybridization prevailed burgundy colouring of leaves (up to 64%), with the reverse -the percentage of plants with burgundy colour does not exceed 37%.