Comparative Evaluation of Various Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Combination with Β-Tricalcium Phosphate

Abstract

Introduction: The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells originated from dental pulp, Buccal fat pad tissue, umbilical cord blood and bone marrow on the β- TCP scaffold. Materials and Methods: Human mesenchymal stem cells originated from dental pulp, Buccal fat pad tissue, umbilical cord blood and bone marrow were assessed in this study. The characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells evaluated by flow-cytometry. Biological properties such as cell number, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red and MTT assay scrutized during cell culture. The morphology of cells culture was also examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The MTT assay results represented that the proliferation was time-dependent and the rate of proliferation and viability of any four mesenchymal stem cells were the same. Results: The SEM of hBFPSCs, hBMSCs, hDPSCs, hUCSCs at 5 days indicated that hBFPSCs have higher attachment. ALP enzyme activities revealed the highest at day 21 when the cells were cultured in differentiation media. The alizarin red staining results indicated a clear mineralization of hBMSCs is dramatically higher from three mesenchymal stem cells. Our findings showed that the origins of MSCs impel their proliferative and osteogenic sufficiency and thus influence their application as a cell sources for bone tissue engineering. Conclusion: Despite BMSCs are the best nominee for cell based bone regeneration according to the existing evidences, in clinical and in vivo conditions there are many circumstances may be encountered bone healing.