Drug Design, Development and Therapy (May 2025)
The Recovery of Ciprofol, Remimazolam and Remimazolam-Flumazenil for General Anesthesia Undergoing Fundus Surgery: A Single-Center, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Study
Abstract
Shuang Zhang, Yunfei Liu, Yanyu Liu,* Ting Xu* Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yanyu Liu, Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8617744339886, Email [email protected] Ting Xu, Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8617708130267, Email [email protected]: Ciprofol (HSK3486 injectable emulsion) is a 2.6-disubstituted phenol derivative that acts similarly to propofol with a fast onset, quick, and stable recovery. Moreover, remimazolam is a new benzodiazepine with a faster onset and recovery than midazolam, and more stable hemodynamics than propofol. We found no relevant literature that directly compared these two drugs. The primary objective of this study was to compare the recovery of HSK3486 with that of remimazolam during successful general anesthesia.Patients and Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind study included 93 patients who had undergone fundus surgery. The patients were divided into three groups: HSK3486 (H group), remimazolam-saline (RS group), and remimazolam-flumazenil (RF group). The primary outcome was the time from drug withdrawal to eye opening, and the secondary outcome was the time from drug withdrawal to laryngeal mask removal, the time for Aldrete modified score ≥ 9, intraoperative hemodynamic changes, post-operative adverse events (nausea, vomiting, pain, delirium, re-sedation), and the Quality of Recovery-15 score before surgery and at 1, 7, and 14 days post-operatively.Results: The RF group showed the shortest eye-opening time: 3.8 (2.8) min vs 13.3 (5.2) min for the H group, P < 0.001; and 11.5 (5.5) min for the RS group, P < 0.001. And laryngeal mask removal time was 5.2 (3.1) min for the RF group vs 14.1 (5.2) min for the H group, P < 0.001; and 12.4 (5.5) min for the RS group, P < 0.001. There were no significant differences in other post-operative outcomes.Conclusion: The incorporation of flumazenil with remimazolam for total intravenous anesthesia provided rapid and reliable recovery of consciousness, although there were no significant visible differences between HSK3486 and Remimazolam-saline.Keywords: remimazolam, HSK3486, recovery, fungus surgery, total intravenous anesthesia
