The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (Jan 2024)
PHANGS-HST Catalogs for ∼100,000 Star Clusters and Compact Associations in 38 Galaxies. I. Observed Properties
- Daniel Maschmann,
- Janice C. Lee,
- David A. Thilker,
- Bradley C. Whitmore,
- Sinan Deger,
- Médéric Boquien,
- Rupali Chandar,
- Daniel A. Dale,
- Aida Wofford,
- Stephen Hannon,
- Kirsten L. Larson,
- Adam K. Leroy,
- Eva Schinnerer,
- Erik Rosolowsky,
- Leonardo Úbeda,
- Ashley T. Barnes,
- Eric Emsellem,
- Kathryn Grasha,
- Brent Groves,
- Rémy Indebetouw,
- Hwihyun Kim,
- Ralf S. Klessen,
- Kathryn Kreckel,
- Rebecca C. Levy,
- Francesca Pinna,
- M. Jimena Rodríguez,
- Qiushi Tian,
- Thomas G. Williams
Affiliations
- Daniel Maschmann
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721, USA ; [email protected]
- Janice C. Lee
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721, USA ; [email protected]; Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Gemini Observatory/NSF's NOIRLab , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- David A. Thilker
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Bradley C. Whitmore
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Sinan Deger
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK; Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
- Médéric Boquien
- ORCiD
- Université Côte d’Azur , Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, 06000, Nice, France
- Rupali Chandar
- ORCiD
- University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Mail Stop 111, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Daniel A. Dale
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming , Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Aida Wofford
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Unidad Académica en Ensenada, Km 103 Carr. Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, B.C., C.P. 22860, Mexico; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Stephen Hannon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Kirsten L. Larson
- ORCiD
- AURA for the European Space Agency (ESA), Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Adam K. Leroy
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Eva Schinnerer
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Erik Rosolowsky
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Leonardo Úbeda
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Ashley T. Barnes
- ORCiD
- European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild Straße 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- Eric Emsellem
- ORCiD
- European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild Straße 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany; Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574 , F-69230 Saint-Genis-Laval, France
- Kathryn Grasha
- Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Australia
- Brent Groves
- ORCiD
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Rémy Indebetouw
- ORCiD
- University of Virginia Astronomy Department , 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; National Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2475, USA
- Hwihyun Kim
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory/NSF's NOIRLab , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Ralf S. Klessen
- ORCiD
- Universität Heidelberg , Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Albert-Ueberle-Str 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Universität Heidelberg , Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Kathryn Kreckel
- ORCiD
- Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Mönchhofstraße 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Rebecca C. Levy
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721, USA ; [email protected]
- Francesca Pinna
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , C/ Vía Láctea s/n, E-38205, La Laguna, Spain; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , Av. del Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, E-38206, La Laguna, Spain
- M. Jimena Rodríguez
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721, USA ; [email protected]; Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata , CONICET–UNLP, Paseo del Bosque S/N, B1900FWA La Plata, Argentina
- Qiushi Tian
- ORCiD
- Astronomy Department and Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University , 96 Foss Hill Drive, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
- Thomas G. Williams
- ORCiD
- Sub-department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad3cd3
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 273,
no. 1
p. 14
Abstract
We present the largest catalog to date of star clusters and compact associations in nearby galaxies. We have performed a V -band-selected census of clusters across the 38 spiral galaxies of the PHANGS–Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Treasury Survey, and measured integrated, aperture-corrected near-ultraviolet- U-B-V-I photometry. This work has resulted in uniform catalogs that contain ∼20,000 clusters and compact associations, which have passed human inspection and morphological classification, and a larger sample of ∼100,000 classified by neural network models. Here, we report on the observed properties of these samples, and demonstrate that tremendous insight can be gained from just the observed properties of clusters, even in the absence of their transformation into physical quantities. In particular, we show the utility of the UBVI color–color diagram, and the three principal features revealed by the PHANGS-HST cluster sample: the young cluster locus, the middle-age plume, and the old globular cluster clump. We present an atlas of maps of the 2D spatial distribution of clusters and compact associations in the context of the molecular clouds from PHANGS–Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We explore new ways of understanding this large data set in a multiscale context by bringing together once-separate techniques for the characterization of clusters (color–color diagrams and spatial distributions) and their parent galaxies (galaxy morphology and location relative to the galaxy main sequence). A companion paper presents the physical properties: ages, masses, and dust reddenings derived using improved spectral energy distribution fitting techniques.
Keywords
